Give its present-day speed, flexibility and sophistication,
the computer can provide access of information , foster creative social
knowledge-building, and enhance the communication of the achieved project
package. Without the computer, today’s learners may still be assuming the
tedious tasks of low-level information gathering , building and new knowledge
packaging. But this is not so, since the modern computer can help the teacher
and students to focus on more high level cognitive tasks.
Based on the theories, the teacher can employ the computer
as an information tool, where the computer can provide vast amount of
information in various forms, such as text, graphics, sound, and video. A
communication tool, constructive tool – where the computer itself can be used
for manipulating information, visualizing one’s understanding, and building new
knowledge. Co-constuctive tools, where students can use this to work
cooperatively and construct a shared understanding of new knowledge. Situating
tool, by means of virtual reality extension systems, the computer can create
3-D images to give the user the feeling that are situated in a virtual
environment.
Experience
Our teacher in different subjects always gave us an
activity like reporting the assigned topics. This is the common activity which
helps us a lot in building self-confidence. From the topic assigned, there is a
need for us to search/browse in the internet – the fastest way of searching
information. Along from what we get, we need to synthesize information and
present to them in a simple and creative and substantial. But the task does not
end with that, we must to discuss what it is all about, sharing of ideas and
answering possible questions raised by the listeners.
Some teachers let us upload our activity through EDMODO. We
can also have our conversation through it by means of communication. Other
teacher is through blogging, uploading the activity in a creative way.
Reflection
We are talking about how useful the technology is to
instruction. In presenting activity which is by letting students to
search/browse, the teacher must in sure that the students could come
up/construct good idea not just copying everything and memorizing information
base from what they get in the internet.
The teacher must not limit the curiosity and the ability of
the students to learn. He/She must present various activities related to the
computer/technology as a tool to enhance the skills of the students. Learning
by doing is much necessary in today’s generation rather than pure lecture for
the whole period of time.
It is not enough to just download relevant information
using the computer as an information tool, rather, they must use it gathered
information for composition of presentation projects assigned to them.
ICT is short for
information and communications technology. It refers to a broad field
encompassing computers, communications equipment and the services associated
with them. It includes the telephone, cellular networks, satellite
communication, broadcasting media and other forms of communication.
There are Characteristics of Digital
Technology, namely; Media Integrity, Media Integration, Flexible Interaction, Transactions,
Tailoring, and Editing.
INQUIRY & THE SOCRATIC METHOD
(0399 BCE)
Through the use of questioning,
Socrates (and his students Plato and Zenophon) guide the learner to their
inborn knowledge.
LEARNING SEQUENCE &
OBJECT-TEACHING (1774 – 1875)
Focusing on the natural growth of the
mind, Pestalozzian principles emphasized breaking content down into
developmentally appropriate sequences with a teacher-centered approach.
AFFORDABLE EDUCATION (1806-1853)
A recurring issue throughout the history
of education prior to the monitorial, free public school model was that social
status often indicated whether individuals had access to education.
DISTANCE
EDUCATION (1852-1892)
Although distance learning's most common
connotation pertains to online learning, the stenograph and post office opened
up opportunities to develop correspondence courses.
OBJECT TEACHING: QUINCY METHODS (1867-1875)
Although the teacher was still
considered the sole source of knowledge, a variation of object-teaching was
employed in Quincy, Massachusetts where students learned through sensory active
processes (learning by doing), by using everyday objects to learn about
abstract science principles.
METHOD OF APPERCEPTION (1889-1892)
Herbart’s framework identified levels of
learning, which included first sensory activity, next reproduction of already
existing ideas, and finally, assimilating the new concept with the old concept.
VISUAL INSTRUCTION (1910-1923)
The need for mass instruction (training)
for the military and the advent of audiovisual technology resulted in an impact
on educational technology.
INSTRUCTIONAL
TV & PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION (1939)
Joint efforts between the Federal
Communications Commission and funding from Ford Foundation sparked an increase
in using television to deliver instruction.
THE CONDITIONS OF LEARNING BY
ROBERT GAGNE (0399 BCE)
Gagne’s publication outlined five
domains of learning outcomes and nine events of instruction.
IBM INTRODUCES PC (1981)
IBM releases the first Personal
Computer. As computers become more affordable, computers impact educational
technology because the devices become integrated into various learning
environments due to their educational software features and access to the
Internet.
SATELLITE TV SYSTEMS (1982-1985)
Providing a cost-effective method of
training, satellites allows corporations and the military to transmit training
programs to various locations. Cost for travel and extra employees to train was
reduced.
WELCOME TO THE WORLD WIDE WEB (1989-1993)
Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide
Web and the Mosaic Web browser, which lead to the graphic and text-rich world
of the Internet. Initially, contribution to the Web was limited to individuals
who could use HTML code.
STUDENT RESPONSE SYSTEMS (1990)
Feedback and questioning strategies
trace back as far as the Socratic Method; however, it was in the 1900s that
wireless response systems (clickers) were used to receive feedback to questions
in an educational setting.
WARD CUNNIGHAM: THE FIRST WIKI SITE
(1995)
Looking for an easy way to
collaboratively publish a website, the first wiki was created in 1995.
ISTE ESTABLISHES NETS (2005-2012)
International Society for Technology
Education (ISTE) recognizes the influences technology has on education and
develops National Education Technology Standards (NETS) for students, teachers,
and administrators.
LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (LMS) (2007-2012)
LMS platforms provide interactive
software and online tools, such as discussion boards and drop boxes, to support
instructional methods
PARTICIPATORY JOURNALISM (2007)
Allowing readers worldwide to comment
and participate in news has a major impact on society and educational
technology because reading and discussion becomes more than a process limited
to a small audience within the walls of the classroom.
FLIP CAMERAS (2008-2012)
Flip video camera is introduced as an
affordable digital camcorder. Videos impact educational technology because
students can create videos as performance assessments.
KHAN ACADEMY (2008-2012)
An online repository of over 3,000
instructional videos on YouTube, Khan Academy has impacted educational
technology because content/courseware is open-sourcce and available to anyone.
EDMODO:
SAFE SOCIAL NETWORKING IN SCHOOLS (2010-2012)
Edmodo is an example of how teachers in
traditional classrooms can integrate anytime, anywhere learning to promote
collaboration in a secure environment that mimics Facebook.
INTRODUCING THE 21ST CENTURY TABLET
Apple announces the iPad; a personal
tablet with features including ePubs (eBooks), apps, and access to the
Internet. Since the original iPad, Apple has impacted the field of educational
technology by opening up iTunesU and iBook Author, which curates current content
and allows easy creation of interactive books and content.
Experience
The
inventions of advent technology were really amazing. We actually already
engaged in an online class. We can have a class activity wherever we are
through EDMODO. We also gone through various activities such as audio-video
recording, photo editing and short filming as a base of the skills learned. We
also gathered factual information and resources through internet with the use
of PC. By browsing the PDF files/research articles for additional information
of for justification to the questions assigned to us.
Reflection
All
advent of technology inventions directly impact to todays’ generation. They use
it as a partner/tool in their learning style. However, it is very dangerous if not
use properly. Crime might increase if that would happen. Teachers really need
to take in to action, especially for those traditional teachers. This might
take a little bit hard for them but they will be left behind if they would just
set aside these things. Seminars and training would be beneficial especially
nowadays that technology was changing faster, it’s unstoppable. Lots of people
create inventions, place it to the market then sell it. Of course, we will
going to adopt the new technology release because it is quite interesting
especially the features. They are actually beneficial if use properly, but if
not, it is very dangerous. Beware, be wise and intelligent enough towards
technology.
Application As
future educator, there is really a need for me to attend seminars,
training/workshops regarding this matter. So that I can have a good
teaching-learning process with appropriate instructional materials especially
with the advent of technology as a tool. Various activities will be presented
to learners, allowing them to create, explore, construct, synthesize and come
up with a good result. That is for them to develop higher order thinking skills
through the aid of technology. Some activities also that develop a bodily
kinesthetic skills and creativity will be presented. This will be very
beneficial for them to be prepared for the next possible things that would come
in, at least they already have the foundation of knowledge and skills they
need.
The
advent of the computer is recognized as the third evolution in education. First
was the invention of the printing press, second was the introduction of
libraries, and the third was the invention of computers, especially so with the
advent of microcomputer in 1975. Thus emerged computer technology in education.
Through computer technology, educators saw the amplification of learning along
computer literacy.
Soon,
computer-assisted instruction (CAI) was introduced using the principle of
individualized learning through a positive climate that include realism and
appeal with drill exercises that uses color, music and animation. But the
evolving pace of innovation of today’s information age is so dynamic that
within the first decade of the 21st century, computer technology in
education has matured to transform into an educative information and communication
technology (ICT) in education.
The Personal Computer as ICT
Instructional
media consist of audio-visual aids that served to enhance and enrich the
teaching-learning process. On the other hand, educational communication media
comprise the media of communication to audiences. Close to the turn of 21st
century, however, such a distinction merged owing to the advent of the
microprocessor, also known as the personal computer (PC).
Programs
normally installed in an ordinary modern PC:
·Microsoft Office
– program for composing text, graphics, photos into letters, articles, reports,
etc.
·Power-point –
for preparing lecture presentations
·Excel – for
spreadsheets and similar graphic sheets
·Internet
Explorer – access to the Internet
·Yahoo or Google
– websites; e-mail, chat rooms, blog sites, news service educational software,
etc.
·Adobe Reader –
graphs/photo composition and editing
·MSN – mail/chat
messaging
·Windows media
player – CD, VCD player
·Cyberlink Power
– DVD player
·Windows media
player – editing film/video
·GameHouse –
video games
Experience
Our
teacher really tried their best to come up with an interactive
teaching-learning process. They used technology as a tool not just to catch our
attention but also to connect their topic to fast changing technology. Whenever
they assigned a topic for us to report, they want a good source of the content,
that is, if we surf it must be a form of PDF or a research article. Our teachers
also construct an online class, that even we are at home, we can still send our
assignments, answer some questions, and update the requirements posted. We
could also have our conversation in that website – EDMODO. If we have comment
or inquiry, we can discuss it through EDMODO. Distance learning is fun.
Reflection
There
are lots of ways nowadays to conduct teaching-learning process. Distance is no
longer a hindrance to learn and to teach. Since technology invaded the learning
style of todays’ learners, why not using it as a tool in teaching-learning
process.
It
is on the other hand the strategies and technique of the teacher that matter.
Everything is already presented, the thing is the appropriate usage that is
beneficial to make teaching-learning process more easier, understandable and
fun.
Application
As
future educator to 21st century learners, I really want to create an
online class. I want to impart my experiences to my students how amazing it is
having a class not only through face to face teaching-learning process but also
through online activities. I will then be able to evaluate their skills not
only what they acquire from my class between but also even we are at distance
each other. I will do that not for my own sake but for them to expose to
virtual learning so that they will not be ignorant especially in their college
life.
These
projects represent constructivist approach, containing the key elements to
instruction, namely: the teacher creating the learning environment, the teacher
giving students the tools and facilities, and the teacher facilitating
learning. It is the students themselves who demonstrate higher thinking skills
and creativity through such activities searching for information, organizing
and synthesizing ideas, creating presentations, and the like.
Resource-based Projects
The
teacher steps out of the traditional role of being a content expert and
information provider, and instead lets the students find their own facts and
information. Only when necessary for the active learning process does the
teacher step in to supply data or information. Relating to finding information,
the central principle is to make the students go beyond the textbook and
curriculum materials. Students are also encouraged to go to library,
particularly to the modern extension of the modern library, the internet. The
process is given more importance tan the project product. It doesn’t matter if
student come up with different answers, what matter is the varied resources of
information, the line of thinking and the ability to argue in defe3nse of their
answers.
Webquest as a Resource
Webquest
is an inquiry-oriented activity in which most or all of the information used by
learners are drawn from the web. It is designed to use learners’ time well, to
focus on information rather than looking for it. It also supports the learners’
thinking at the levels of analysis, synthesis and evaluation.
Simple Creations
Students
can also be assigned to create their software materials to supplement the need
for relevant and effective materials. There are available software materials
such as Creative Writer (by Microsoft) on writing, KidWork Deluxe (by Davidson)
on drawing and painting, and MeiaWeave (by Humanities Software) on multimedia.
In developing software, creativity as an outcome should not be equated with
ingenuity or high intelligence. Creating is more consonant with planning,
making, assembling, designing or building.
Guided Hypermedia Project
The
production of self-made multimedia projects can be approached in two different
ways:
1. As an instructive tool, such as
in the production by students of a power-point
presentation of
a selected topic.
2. As a communication tool, such as
when students do a multimedia presentation to
simulate a
television news show.
Web-Based Projects
Students
can be made to create and post webpages on a given topic. But creating
webpages, may be too consuming and time consuming for the average student. It
should be said, however, that posting of webpages in the Internet allows the
students a wider audience. They can also be linked with other related sites in
the Internet. Creativity projects as tools in the teaching-learning process can
be achieved with the assistance of advisers a depth in the technical use of
Internet resources.
Experience
Some
of our teacher exposed us to IT-based approach. One of it is that uploading
reading material (PDF) to Gmail and let us to download and take a copy. Teacher
nowadays always let us to come up with a good power-point presentation in every
topic that they assigned to us. We also have our CERA output and to be uploaded
to blogger.com. We also have EDMODO before, photo editing, audio-video
recording, and many more. That is to enhance higher thinking skills through
IT-based projects.
Reflection
Future
educator must be expose to this kind of activity, because 21st
century learners are different from traditional learners. They are more advance
and more expose to technology. Teaching through traditional style is no longer
appropriate to 21st century learners. They will not really listen to
you at all, they will be bored at your discussion, they might not learn, and
that’s the most crucial thing to happen. But future educator will not allow
that to happen. Of course, we are trying our very best in spite of
difficulties. Because we believe that someday we will be able to produce a
productive individual no matter how advance the society is.
Application
This
entire thing is hard to do especially if I will be assigned in the remote
areas. But I have this kind of initiative person. If that would happen, I will
introduce first the basic digital sills. I can use my laptop and pocket wifi
just to show to them all the experiences I have during college. However, I am
also a kind of flexible person. I will expose them to various activities just
to enhance their higher thinking skills such as investigatory projects, research
paper, experimentations, but somehow involving IT-based projects such as
power-point presentation, video-audio recording and many more.
The
standard student evaluation of learning must change. This is justified by the
fact that not only has the new generation changed into digital learners, but
the traditional world has metamorphosed into a digital world. Assessment needs
to conform, not with the literacy of the past century but the new literacy of
the 21st century. This is a literacy that uses digital tools in
preparing students to a high-tech world.
Evaluation
must be geared to assessment of essential knowledge and skills so that learners
can function effectively, productively and creatively in a new world. It must
use evaluative tools that measure the new basic skills of the 21st
century digital culture, namely: solution fluency, information fluency,
collaboration fluency, creative fluency, media fluency and digital citizenship.
Mass Amateurization
This refers
to the change of evaluation approach. A term which implies a mass reach of
students outputs. The personal and group creative activities in school should
aim at bridging the gap between amateur creatures of outputs to professional
creatures for future outcomes and products in the real world. This will entail
inculcating adeptness among students over media along publishing, visual
creation, audio-video recording, Internet web site posting, and multimedia
productions. The process does not entail the end of traditional report and
essay writing, but the writing process will now have to assume the process of
idea conception, planning, layout and graphic designing, editing proofreading
and publishing. Relevance and engagement shall be carried both in the learning
process, as well as in the evaluation schemes of new digital expressions in
learning.
Experience
Out teacher
in different subjects adopt these changes in evaluation but depending on the
topic discussed. Some of them let us to come up with a good role playing in the
connection to a real life situation. Some of them is PowerPoint presentation,
research paper, photo editing, short filming, audio-video recording and site
posting. They also have these set of criteria on evaluating the output. This is
called the rubric.
Reflection
Teacher
nowadays shift their evaluation style from standard paper test to outcome base
evaluation. That is to monitor if the students really learn. Learning from
various activities presented through the aid of technology is quite hard to
evaluate or monitor through standard paper test. We can only say or conclude if
the students really learn through their good outcome. Some students are just
good in reading and memorizing but don’t have enough skills in application.
Today’s 21st century, students must not be like that, the teacher
must work for it since school is their training ground. Learning with
experience is fun, therefore, teacher must be flexible in terms of strategy on
evaluating students outputs.
Application
As future
educator, I should set a type of evaluation which is in line to the activity
presented. As a science teacher, I will make sure that my activity is more on
application so that students could relate it to real life situation. Some
activity would be investigatory project, role playing, experimenting, etc. That
is to monitor the level of their learning. Through this, I will be able to help
them be prepared to face future event of their lives.
As teacher
adjust their teaching to effectively match the new digital world of information
and communication technology, they must be clear on what basic knowledge,
skills and values or literacies need to be developed by digital learners. These
are:
1. Solution Fluency
This refers
to the capacity and creativity in problem solving. It requires whole brain
thinking executed when students define a problem, design the appropriate
solution, apply the solution and asses the process and result.
2. Information Fluency
This involves 3 subsets of skills, namely;
a. An ability to access information,
access may involve not only of the internet, but other sources like the CD-ROM
software.
b. An ability to retrieve information,
retrieve information may include not only texts but images, sound and video.
c. An ability to reflect on, assess and
rewrite for instructive information packages.
3. Collaboration
This refers
to teamwork with virtual or real partners in the online environrnent. There is
virtual interaction in social networking and online gaming domains. Individual
and school to school partnerships are now possible for multi-cultural learning.
4. Media Fluency
Media refer to channels of mass communication or digital
sources. There is a need for an analytical mind to evaluate the message in a
chosen media, as well as a creative ability to publish digital messages.
5. Creative Fluency
Artistic
proficiency adds meaning by way of design, art, and story-telling to package a
message. Templates for PowerPoint presentations and blogs are available for
free access in the internet.
6. Digital Ethics
The digital
citizen is guided by principles of leadership, global responsibility,
environmental awareness, global citizen, and personal accountability.
Higher Thinking Skills
Bloom’s
Taxonomy of Thinking Skills serves as a general framework of skills, a new era
of creativity in the digital world has led to introducing a kind of frame work
that requires information processing, idea creation and real-world problem
solving skills.
f.
Creating – new product/point of view
e.
Evaluating – justify stand or position
d.
Analyzing – distinguish different parts
c.
Applying – use information in a new way
b.
Understanding – explain ideas
a.
Remembering – recall information
By
developing higher thinking skills, the schools today can inculcate the digital
fluencies, while overcoming limitations inherent in digital technology,
resulting in superficial and mediocre learning sills of new learners.
Experience
Educational
technology 1 & 2 execute this kind of learning. They allow us to learn more
through the aid of technology. They just giving us set of instructions and
there we go, they will appear again just to evaluate our outcome. We’ve done
through online class such as Edmodo. Various activities was also given to us
such as PowerPoint presentation, photo editing, short filming, toondoo,
rubistar, blogging, and podcasting.
Reflection
DepEd/CHED
really tries their best to cope up the fast changing technology. In their new
curriculum – outcome base, letting students to learn independently. Teacher
then serves as the facilitator for the whole process. Developing basic digital
skills is very important, for this is the stepping stone towards excellency. It
is not lessing the burden of the teacher, rather, it is for the learners become
a competitive individual through the aid of technology.
Application
What has
been written in the book should not be only serves as knowledge of the
students. Imparting true learning is quietly a complex process. As future
educator, I will expose them to various activities involving basic digital
skills because experience is very important. I should also acquire all those
skills first so that it will not difficult for me to teach them. I will
introduce to them how good technology is as a tool in learning, that is,
working and learning makes more easier and faster. Limitation of technology
must also presented so that they will not go beyond what has been taught to
them.
