History of Educational Technology and the ICT Revolution

Content

           

ICT is short for information and communications technology. It refers to a broad field encompassing computers, communications equipment and the services associated with them. It includes the telephone, cellular networks, satellite communication, broadcasting media and other forms of communication.

There are Characteristics of Digital Technology, namely; Media Integrity, Media Integration, Flexible Interaction, Transactions, Tailoring, and Editing.

INQUIRY & THE SOCRATIC METHOD (0399 BCE)

Through the use of questioning, Socrates (and his students Plato and Zenophon) guide the learner to their inborn knowledge.

LEARNING SEQUENCE & OBJECT-TEACHING (1774 – 1875)

Focusing on the natural growth of the mind, Pestalozzian principles emphasized breaking content down into developmentally appropriate sequences with a teacher-centered approach.

AFFORDABLE EDUCATION (1806-1853)

A recurring issue throughout the history of education prior to the monitorial, free public school model was that social status often indicated whether individuals had access to education.

DISTANCE EDUCATION (1852-1892)

Although distance learning's most common connotation pertains to online learning, the stenograph and post office opened up opportunities to develop correspondence courses.

OBJECT TEACHING: QUINCY METHODS (1867-1875)

Although the teacher was still considered the sole source of knowledge, a variation of object-teaching was employed in Quincy, Massachusetts where students learned through sensory active processes (learning by doing), by using everyday objects to learn about abstract science principles.

METHOD OF APPERCEPTION (1889-1892)

Herbart’s framework identified levels of learning, which included first sensory activity, next reproduction of already existing ideas, and finally, assimilating the new concept with the old concept.

VISUAL INSTRUCTION (1910-1923)

The need for mass instruction (training) for the military and the advent of audiovisual technology resulted in an impact on educational technology.

INSTRUCTIONAL TV & PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION (1939)

Joint efforts between the Federal Communications Commission and funding from Ford Foundation sparked an increase in using television to deliver instruction.

THE CONDITIONS OF LEARNING BY ROBERT GAGNE (0399 BCE)

Gagne’s publication outlined five domains of learning outcomes and nine events of instruction.

IBM INTRODUCES PC (1981)

IBM releases the first Personal Computer. As computers become more affordable, computers impact educational technology because the devices become integrated into various learning environments due to their educational software features and access to the Internet.

SATELLITE TV SYSTEMS (1982-1985)

Providing a cost-effective method of training, satellites allows corporations and the military to transmit training programs to various locations. Cost for travel and extra employees to train was reduced.

WELCOME TO THE WORLD WIDE WEB (1989-1993)

Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web and the Mosaic Web browser, which lead to the graphic and text-rich world of the Internet. Initially, contribution to the Web was limited to individuals who could use HTML code.

STUDENT RESPONSE SYSTEMS (1990)

Feedback and questioning strategies trace back as far as the Socratic Method; however, it was in the 1900s that wireless response systems (clickers) were used to receive feedback to questions in an educational setting.

WARD CUNNIGHAM: THE FIRST WIKI SITE (1995)

Looking for an easy way to collaboratively publish a website, the first wiki was created in 1995.

ISTE ESTABLISHES NETS (2005-2012)

International Society for Technology Education (ISTE) recognizes the influences technology has on education and develops National Education Technology Standards (NETS) for students, teachers, and administrators.

LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (LMS) (2007-2012)

LMS platforms provide interactive software and online tools, such as discussion boards and drop boxes, to support instructional methods

PARTICIPATORY JOURNALISM (2007)

Allowing readers worldwide to comment and participate in news has a major impact on society and educational technology because reading and discussion becomes more than a process limited to a small audience within the walls of the classroom.

FLIP CAMERAS (2008-2012)

Flip video camera is introduced as an affordable digital camcorder. Videos impact educational technology because students can create videos as performance assessments.

KHAN ACADEMY (2008-2012)

An online repository of over 3,000 instructional videos on YouTube, Khan Academy has impacted educational technology because content/courseware is open-sourcce and available to anyone.

EDMODO: SAFE SOCIAL NETWORKING IN SCHOOLS (2010-2012)

Edmodo is an example of how teachers in traditional classrooms can integrate anytime, anywhere learning to promote collaboration in a secure environment that mimics Facebook.

INTRODUCING THE 21ST CENTURY TABLET

Apple announces the iPad; a personal tablet with features including ePubs (eBooks), apps, and access to the Internet. Since the original iPad, Apple has impacted the field of educational technology by opening up iTunesU and iBook Author, which curates current content and allows easy creation of interactive books and content.

Experience

           
        The inventions of advent technology were really amazing. We actually already engaged in an online class. We can have a class activity wherever we are through EDMODO. We also gone through various activities such as audio-video recording, photo editing and short filming as a base of the skills learned. We also gathered factual information and resources through internet with the use of PC. By browsing the PDF files/research articles for additional information of for justification to the questions assigned to us.

Reflection

       
         All advent of technology inventions directly impact to todays’ generation. They use it as a partner/tool in their learning style. However, it is very dangerous if not use properly. Crime might increase if that would happen. Teachers really need to take in to action, especially for those traditional teachers. This might take a little bit hard for them but they will be left behind if they would just set aside these things. Seminars and training would be beneficial especially nowadays that technology was changing faster, it’s unstoppable. Lots of people create inventions, place it to the market then sell it. Of course, we will going to adopt the new technology release because it is quite interesting especially the features. They are actually beneficial if use properly, but if not, it is very dangerous. Beware, be wise and intelligent enough towards technology.

Application
     
          As future educator, there is really a need for me to attend seminars, training/workshops regarding this matter. So that I can have a good teaching-learning process with appropriate instructional materials especially with the advent of technology as a tool. Various activities will be presented to learners, allowing them to create, explore, construct, synthesize and come up with a good result. That is for them to develop higher order thinking skills through the aid of technology. Some activities also that develop a bodily kinesthetic skills and creativity will be presented. This will be very beneficial for them to be prepared for the next possible things that would come in, at least they already have the foundation of knowledge and skills they need.